These were intended for maintenance aircraft technical logs drawn up by the pilots to describe these incidents only partially, to indicate the characteristic symptoms of the incidents associated with unreliable airspeed readings. [281] The case against Air France was dropped in September 2019 when magistrates said, "there were not enough grounds to prosecute". During its descent, the aircraft had turned more than 180 to the right to a compass heading of 270. [92][93][94][95], Among the ACARS transmissions at 02:10 is one message that indicates a fault in the pitot-static system. >People on board had to sit through 30 mins of crazy phugoid cycles before finally crashing. Nasal spray reduces risk of infection 86% - nearly DOUBLE protection given by shot in arm, 'He is NOT a threat': Mental health advocate DEFENDS 6'6" thug, 17, who had to be dragged off unconscious female teaching aide who he knocked out for confiscating his Nintendo Switch, Woke LA DA George Gascon SUSPENDS attorney who 'misgendered' transgender child molester, 27 - who started identifying as a woman after DNA linked her to cold case of man beaten to death, How Roald Dahl's family caved in to censors to keep their whizzpopping $444million gravy train on track, writes ALISON BOSHOFF, 'Roald Dahl was a bigot and he never supported me, but really?' On June 1, 2009, the A330 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean killing all 228 people on board. When it's obvious that a person died of blunt force trauma or depressurization, the break-up of the body itself, the autopsy is over and it's a matter of putting the body parts together through DNA match. [82], On 29 July 2011, the BEA released a third interim report on safety issues it found in the wake of the crash. [255][needs update] In 2014, the FAA streamlined requirements for AoA indicators for general aviation[256][257] without affecting requirements for commercial aviation. The bodies of 104 victims of an Air France flight that crashed into the Atlantic . Lawyers for Airbus stated they would lodge an immediate appeal against the decision. No No No! [303], On 9 September 2021, the Science Channel Documentary Deadly Engineering covered the crash on Season 3 Episode 1: "Catastrophes in the Sky".[304]. Air France posted on its website that the 50 bodies that have been found amid the wreckage about 640 kilometres northeast of Brazil's Fernando de Noronha islands include those of two of its. This action was unnecessary and excessive under the circumstances. I invariably remind myself that turbulence alone has never caused a modern airliner to crash, but it does little to soothe my nerves. [121][122] Later that day, after meeting with relatives of the Brazilians on the aircraft, Brazilian Defence Minister Nelson Jobim announced that the Air Force believed the wreckage was from Flight 447. Without the autopilot, turbulence caused the aircraft to start to roll to the right, and Bonin reacted by deflecting his side-stick to the left. A 2001 Airworthiness Directive (AD) required these to be replaced with either a later Goodrich design, part number 0851HL, or with pitot tubes made by Thales, part number C16195AA. An initial search immediately after the crash found 50 bodies and hundreds of pieces of the plane, but went cold after that. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. With Jonathan Aris, Russell Ferrier, Ray Galletti, John David Edwards. [155], Following the end of the search for bodies, the search continued for the Airbus's "black boxes"the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and the Flight Data Recorder (FDR). [77] The right-side instruments were not recorded by the flight data recorder. The wreckage from AF 447 has been located. During this ascent, the aircraft attained vertical speeds well in excess of the typical rate of climb for the Airbus A330, which usually ascend at rates no greater than 2000 feet per minute (10m/s). [116][117], By early afternoon on 1 June, officials with Air France and the French government had already presumed the aircraft had been lost with no survivors. But what's happening? The aircraft underwent a major overhaul on 16 April 2009, and at the time of the accident had accumulated about 18,870 flying hours. [l] In the first incident, an Air France A340-300 (F-GLZL) en route from Tokyo to Paris experienced an event at 31,000 feet (9,400m), in which the airspeed was incorrectly reported and the autopilot automatically disengaged. ", "Air France crash recovery ends with 74 bodies missing", "Vol AF 447: ouverture d'une information judiciaire", "Terror Names Linked To Doomed Flight AF 447", "Air France charged in Rio flight crash investigation", "Organisation of the technical investigation", Bureau d'Enqutes et d'Analyses pour la Scurit de l'Aviation Civile, "Air France Jet 'Did Not Break Up in Mid-Air', "INFO LE FIGARO AF 447: Airbus mis hors de cause par les botes noires", Flight AF 447 on 1 June 2009 A330-203, registered F-GZCP Press release on 17 May 2011, "Vol Rio-Paris: L'enqute ne montre pas de dysfonctionnements majeurs de l'Airbus", "Clues Point to Speed Issues in Air France Crash", "Air France searchers find three more bodies", "Air France probe focuses on airspeed instruments", "Flight Air France 447 Rio De Janeiro-Paris Charles De Gaulle Press release N 12: Update on anemometric sensors", "Press release no. For the families of the 239 people aboard Malaysia Airlines MH370 from Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia to Beijing in China whose disappearance on 8 March 2014 remains a mystery, there has been no such consolation. Salvage boats are currently heading for the area, and are expected to arrive by the end of this month. At that point, the aircraft's ground speed was recorded as 107 knots (198km/h; 123mph), and that the aircraft was descending at 10,912 feet per minute (55.43m/s) (108 knots (200km/h; 124mph) of vertical speed). The flight controls are not mechanically linked between the two pilot seats, and Robert, the left-seat pilot who believed he had taken over control of the aircraft, was not aware that Bonin continued to hold the stick back, which overrode Robert's own control. [297] Similar presentation was made by 60 Minutes Australia in 2014. But the body disintegrated in warmer water. [163] In late July, the search for the black boxes entered its second phase, with a French research vessel resuming the search using a towed sonar array. The cockpit's lack of a clear display of the inconsistencies in airspeed readings identified by the flight computers. 2023 Getty Images. To comply with these procedures, Flight 447 was crewed by three pilots: a captain and two first officers. BERTRAND LANGLOIS. [195] The aircraft's cockpit voice recorder was found on 2 May 2011, and was raised and brought on board the le de Sein the following day. It was the biggest search for an aircraft organised by France and the whole thing was recorded, but the footage was sleeping in a safe box with the authorities on the outskirts of Paris, Kessler said. TOPICS: Underwater Vehicles / Air France Flight 447. The aircraft experienced a peak vertical speed close to 7,000 feet per minute (36m/s; 130km/h),[75] which occurred as Bonin brought the rolling movements under control. Air France flight 447 was a scheduled passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Paris, France, which crashed in June 2009. Black box data showed the aircrafts speed recorders pitot tubes had frozen, setting off a catastrophic chain of events in the cockpit. French and Brazilian ships are still searching the remote debris field for more bodies and wreckage. [193][194] On 1 May the memory unit was found and lifted on board the le de Sein by the ROV. [196], On 7 May, the flight recorders, under judicial seal, were taken aboard the French Navy patrol boat La Capricieuse for transfer to the port of Cayenne. [160], France requested two "towed pinger locator hydrophones" from the United States Navy to help find the aircraft. 35,000 feet above the night-dark waves, dim overhead lights illuminate the cockpit of. The Airbus A330-203 was in a blackspot between air traffic control towers in Brazil and. Airspeed indications became valid, and the stall warning sounded again; it then sounded intermittently for the remaining duration of the flight, stopping only when the pilots increased the aircraft's nose-up pitch. All rights reserved. Rocker Gene Simmons' daughter Sophie Simmons, 30, looks gorgeous in photos from her Malibu nuptials to James Henderson, Dwyane Wade's transgender daughter Zaya, 15, is granted a legal name and gender change after his ex-wife attempted to block the transition, Cardi B complains about having to wake up early for court-ordered community service despite getting deadline extension from judge, Isabel Oakeshott receives 'menacing' message from Matt Hancock, Insane moment river of rocks falls onto Malibu Canyon in CA, Ken Bruce finishes his 30-year tenure as host of BBC Radio 2, Pavement where disabled woman gestured at cyclist before fatal crash, Pro-Ukrainian drone lands on Russian spy planes exposing location, 'Buster is next!' New find: The Brazilian Navy recovers debris from the missing Air France Flight 447 in the Atlantic Ocean in 2009. [258] The pitch-up input at the beginning of the fatal sequence of events appears to be the consequence of an altimeter error. [126] The French nuclear submarine and two French-contracted ships (the Fairmount Expedition and the Fairmount Glacier, towing the U.S. Navy listening devices) trawled a search area with a radius of 80 kilometres (50mi), centred on the aircraft's last known position. The first body from the wreckage of Air France Flight 447, finally located last month after two years of fruitless searches, was raised to the surface on Thursday. Our mission is to find out what happened as quickly as possible to prevent another possible accident so time is our enemy and for five long days until the first pieces of floating debris were found we hadnt a clue, Ferrante said. CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices. Appropriate means must be provided (visual warning directly visible to the crew) to inform the crew of any nonfunctioning of the heating system". Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. Underwater robots discover remains and debris but hunt continues for flight recorders to determine cause of Airbus crash, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Debris from Air France flight 447 being recovered in 2009, after the crash. "It is premature for the time being to say what happened and it would be irrelevant and misleading to elaborate on partial and from time to time erroneous facts," he said. and [275], Another incident on TAM Flight 8091, from Miami to Rio de Janeiro on 21 May 2009, involving an A330-200, showed a sudden drop of outside air temperature, then loss of air data, the ADIRS, autopilot and autothrust. [184] The debris was found lying in a relatively flat and silty area of the ocean floor (as opposed to the extremely mountainous topography originally believed to be AF447's final resting place). [186], The debris field was described as "quite compact", measuring 200 by 600 metres (660 by 1,970ft) and a short distance north of where pieces of wreckage had been recovered previously, suggesting the aircraft hit the water largely intact. Air France and Airbus have been put under investigation for involuntary homicide and the BEA reports suggested a number of factors, including human error, led to the tragedy. Autopsies on Air France victims suggest plane broke up in air | CBC News Loaded. Vanity Fair magazine cobbling cockpit audio recordings, flight-data records and investigator interviews painted the final, frantic moments of Flight 447, which took off from Rio de. Rare footage of the search for a passenger plane that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean in one of the worst accidents in recent aviation history has been released on the 10th anniversary of the tragedy. Simon Kessler, director of the documentary In Search of Flight AF447, said the previously unseen footage recorded during the search showed it was like looking for a bottle of water in the middle of the ocean. [2]:24[270][271], Shortly after the crash, Air France changed the number of the regular Rio de Janeiro-Paris flight from AF447 to AF445. Details of the last moments of Flight 447, which claimed the lives of five Britons and three Irish doctors, have emerged in a disturbing new investigation into the 2009 disaster. [39][2][failed verification], The Airbus A330 is designed to be flown by two pilots, but the 13-hour "duty time" (the total flight duration, as well as preflight preparation) required for the Rio-Paris route exceeded the 10 hours permitted before a pilot had to take a break as dictated by Air France's procedures. It is the worst crash in Air France's history. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. [197], By 15 May, all the data from both the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder had been downloaded. [232][233][234] Safety recommendations issued by BEA for pitot probes design, recommended, "they must be fitted with a heating system designed to prevent any malfunctioning due to icing. The plane went down in a high-altitude thunderstorm, with experts suggesting that its sensors, known as pitot tubes and made by French company Thales SA, may have iced over and sent false speed information to on-board computers. Air France posted on its website that the 50 bodies that have been found amid the wreckage about 640 kilometres northeast of Brazil's Fernando de Noronha islands include those of twoof its staff members. Roughly 20 seconds later, at 02:12 UTC, Bonin decreased the aircraft's pitch slightly. The man who co-led the search for Air France 447 which crashed in the Atlantic Ocean in 2009 says if MH370 is at or near the bottom of the sea, the wreckage could be largely preserved, and still give investigators vital clues as to why the plane disappeared so far off course. [259] The paper stated, "though angle of attack readings are sent to onboard computers, there are no displays in modern jets to convey this critical information to the crews." Many products featured on this site were editorially chosen. But it can't have been an easy ride for the passengers. Passengers of AF447 would certainly have felt, and been alarmed by, the intense buffeting and turbulence. [97][98], The remainder of the messages occurred from 02:11 UTC to 02:14 UTC, containing a fault message for an air data inertial reference unit and ISIS. [69] With three pilots on board, each pilot could take a break in the A330's rest cabin, located behind the cockpit. [161][162] By mid-July, recovery of the black boxes still had not been announced. [280] The case against Airbus was dropped on 22 July the same year. PostedDecember 9, 2011 Fifty bodies had been previously recovered from the sea. "We are at the first days of the research underwater, research which is focused on the time being on the recorders and more precisely the beacon, the acoustic beacon which is fitted to the recorders," he said. A new documentary highlights the international operation to find and retrieve the wreckage of Air France flight AF447 from Rio de Janeiro in Brazil to Paris, France, that fell from the sky on 1 June 2009, killing all 228 passengers and crew. The last message reported that the aircraft had passed waypoint INTOL (12139S 324953W / 1.36083S 32.83139W / -1.36083; -32.83139), located 565km (351mi; 305nmi) off Natal, on Brazil's north-eastern coast. [110] With the aircraft under the control of its automated systems, one of the main tasks occupying the cockpit crew was that of monitoring the progress of the flight through the ITCZ, using the on-board weather radar to avoid areas of significant turbulence. Can Humans Detect Text by AI Chatbot GPT? [289][290][291][292], A one-hour documentary entitled Lost: The Mystery of Flight 447 detailing an early independent hypothesis about the crash was produced by Darlow Smithson in 2010 for Nova and the BBC. I imagine some passengers might have been roused from half-slumber; others might have tightened their seatbelts, or tossed back the half-finished drink to keep it from spilling. He didn't provide any further details about the recovered wreckage or say how much of the entire plane has been found. In consequence, the stall warning came on whenever the pilot pushed forward on the stick and then stopped when he pulled back; this happened several times during the stall and this may have confused the pilots. [153] The submarine would use its sonar to listen for the ultrasonic signal emitted by the black boxes' "pingers",[154] covering 13sqmi (34km2; 9.8sqnmi) per day. The legal investigation ended in March, but a decade on there is no indication if or when there will be a trial. Temporary inconsistency between the measured speeds, likely as a result of the obstruction of the pitot tubes by ice crystals, caused autopilot disconnection and [flight control mode] reconfiguration to. However, after being immersed under intense pressure and in sea water for almost two years, their data may be unreadable. This can't be true. Autopsies on some victims of the Air France Flight 447 disaster show the bodies have multiple fractures but are not severely fragmented, suggesting the plane broke up in the air, a report said Wednesday. He made no such announcement to the passengers, however. [39], A 99% Invisible podcast episode about the flight, entitled "Children of the Magenta (Automation Paradox, pt. One of those messages suggests external speed sensors had iced over, destabilizing the plane's control systems. [120] On 2 June at 15:20 (UTC), a Brazilian Air Force Embraer R-99A spotted wreckage and signs of oil, possibly jet fuel, strewn along a 5km (3mi; 3nmi) band 650km (400mi; 350nmi) north-east of Fernando de Noronha Island, near the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago. [181] Further debris and bodies, still trapped in the partly intact remains of the aircraft's fuselage, were at a depth of 3,980 metres (2,180 fathoms; 13,060ft). The crew were late in identifying and correcting the deviation from the flight path. 1)", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Accident / Serious Incident Report for Air France Flight 447, The Difference Engine: Wild blue coffin corner, "Air France 447 and the Limits of Aviation Safety", "Air France plane: debris 'is not from lost aircraft', "No wreckage found from doomed Air France plane", "Air France to resume Atlantic flight recorder search", "Cockpit Voice Recorder transcript and accident summary", Flight Air France 447 Rio de Janeiro Paris-Charles de Gaulle Press Releases, Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Arienne, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_France_Flight_447&oldid=1142688117, Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A330, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by ice, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by instrument failure, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error, Aviation accidents and incidents in the Atlantic Ocean, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by stalls, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with failed verification from October 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2017, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with dead external links from March 2017, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Wikipedia external links cleanup from March 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The 8million search is being financed jointly by Air France and Airbus, who are both at the centre of a criminal enquiry into the disaster, and face manslaughter charges. Bonin heard this and replied, "But I've been at maximum nose-up for a while!" Victims families are negotiating multi-million pounds compensation claims, and have been highly critical of the way the searches have been carried out to date. [189][190] An American Remora 6000 remotely operated vehicle (ROV)[g] and operations crew from Phoenix International experienced in the recovery of aircraft for the United States Navy were on board the le de Sein. Officials said Tuesday that no signals have yet been detected from the black boxes, which are able to emit pings for about 30 days. Der Spiegel indicated the difficulty the pilots faced in diagnosing the problem: "One alarm after another lit up the cockpit monitors. [67] The aircraft left Brazilian Atlantic radar surveillance at 01:49 UTC,[2]:49[68] and entered a communication dead zone. A private note to families of victims from a French government official admitted the remains almost intact when discovered still strapped into a seat had disintegrated during the journey to the surface. Before and after the publication of the final report by the BEA in July 2012, many independent analyses and expert opinions were published in the media about the cause of the accident. [285][286][287] [288] On 7 December, prosecutors announced that they would not seek conviction of either company for manslaughter as they were unable to prove them guilty, and recommended acquitting both companies. Further, after the Flight 447 accident, Air France identified six additional incidents that had not been reported on ASRs. An Air France spokesperson told L'Express that "no hope for survivors" remained,[118][119] and French President Nicolas Sarkozy announced almost no chance existed for anyone to have survived. F-GZCP, the aircraft involved in the accident, landing at. "[84][41], When Robert heard this, he told Bonin to give him control of the airplane. Its a fascinating and compelling story but also a sensitive one as its a real story of human beings. There is part of the cabin and in this cabin there are bodies." On June 1, 2009, Air France Flight 447 en route from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Paris, France crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 228 on board, according to the BBC. [130][131], Early on 6 June 2009, five days after Flight 447 disappeared, two male bodies, the first to be recovered from the crashed aircraft, were brought on board the Caboclo[132] along with a seat, a nylon backpack containing a computer and vaccination card, and a leather briefcase containing a boarding pass for the Air France flight. Murdaugh is heckled as he leaves court, Mom who lost both sons to fentanyl blasts laughing Biden, Moment teenager crashes into back of lorry after 100mph police race, Missing hiker buried under snow forces arm out to wave to helicopter, Family of a 10-month-old baby filmed vaping open up, Hershey's Canada releases HER for SHE bars featuring a trans activist, Ukrainian soldier takes out five tanks with Javelin missiles. Attempts by a French team to recover up to 60 bodies from a crashed airliner three miles below the South Atlantic have deepened a rift among the victims' families, who are torn over the final resting place of loved ones. There were 100 passengers and nine crew members on board. It provides an explanation for most of the pitch-up inputs by the pilot flying, left unexplained in the Popular Mechanics piece: namely that the flight director display was misleading. [109], Commercial air transport crews routinely encounter this type of storm in this area. Using the then-sparse publicly available evidence and information, and without data from the black boxes, a critical chain of events was postulated, employing the expertise of an expert pilot, an expert accident investigator, an aviation meteorologist, and an aircraft structural engineer. The Remora 6000 remotely operated vehicle was designed and constructed by Phoenix International Holdings, Inc. of Largo, Maryland, United States. ", On 20 December 2010, Airbus issued a warning to roughly 100 operators of A330, A340-200, and A340-300 aircraft regarding pitot tubes, advising pilots not to re-engage the autopilot following failure of the airspeed indicators. [51], Air France established a crisis center[52] at Terminal 2D for the 60 to 70 relatives and friends who arrived at Charles de Gaulle Airport to pick up arriving passengers, but many of the passengers on Flight 447 were connecting to other destinations worldwide. Indeed, even the co-pilots themselves, with their panels full of instruments and indicators, seemed uncertain as to what exactly was happening, several times discussing whether they were actually going up or down. ", For an explanation of how airspeed is measured, see, Rio de Janeiro/Galeo International Airport, Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety, Rio de JaneiroGaleo International Airport, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System, Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center, German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation, List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities, "Air France crash: Trial ordered for Airbus and airline over 2009 disaster", "Report on Air France Crash Points to Pilot Training Issues", "F-GZCP Air France Airbus A330-203 cn 660", "EASA Type Certificate Data Sheet for AIRBUS A330", "JACDEC Special accident report Air France Flight 447", "Key figures in global battle against illegal arms trade lost in Air France crash", "Tirolerin bei Flugzeugabsturz umgekommen", "73 Franais, 58 Brsiliens, 26 Allemands", "Gabon: Un Gabonais dont on ignore encore l'identit parmi les victimes du crash de l'appareil d'Air France", "Lk slendings sem frst Air France slysinu fundi", "Three Irish doctors die in mystery jet tragedy", "Tragique fin d'une mission officielle pour trois Marocains", "Zeisterse in verdwenen Air France vlucht", "Alexander kommer aldri tilbake p skolen", "Agency ready to aid kin of Pinoy victim in Air France crash", "10 lat po katastrofie Air France lot 447 - ustalenia, polski wtek, wspomnienia", "Violeta Bajenaru-Declerck, romanca aflata la bordul Air France 447", " ", "Andrs Surez Montes: Nueva vida en Pars", "Airbus disparu: tmoignages, hypothses et dmenti", "American couple on Flight 447 loved life, relatives say", "Air France jet with 215 people on board 'drops off radar', "Air France statement on crashed airliner in the Atlantic", "Captain of Air France Flight 447 was son of pilot", "Four minutes, 23 seconds Flight AF447", "Inhums trois ans aprs le crash arien", "What Really Happened Aboard Air France 447", "Flight 447 pilot had 20 years of flying for Air France", "Ships head for area where airplane debris spotted", "Terminal said 'delayed' but the faces betrayed the truth", "Search Is on for Wreckage of Missing Air France Jet", "Air France pays $24,500 to crash victims' families", "Voo Air France 447: ltimas informaes", "Cotidiano Famlia Orleans e Bragana confirma que prncipe brasileiro estava no voo AF 447", "Belgisch-Braziliaanse prins onder de slachtoffers", "Confira os nomes de 84 passageiros que estavam no voo AF 447", TRENTO10 anni fa la tragedia dell'Air France che cost la vita a Giovanni Battista Lenzi, "Airbus: aplice de US$94 mi e seguro incalculvel", "Lista no oficial de vtimas do voo 447 da Air France inclui executivos, mdicos e at um membro da famlia Orleans e Bragana", Professor da UFRJ est entre os passageiros do voo AF 447, "Good Morning Turkey press scan on 2 June", Outro professor da UFRJ tambm est entre os passageiros do voo AF 447, "Safety Investigation Following the Accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A300-203, Flight AF 447 Summary", "Flight AF 447 on 1st June 2009, A330-203, registered F-GZCP, 27 May 2011 briefing", "Recording Indicates Pilot Wasn't in Cockpit During Critical Phase", "Concerns over recovering AF447 recorders", "Data Link Messages Hold Clues to Air France Crash", "Airbus 330 Systems Maintenance System", "Joint aircraft system/component code table and definitions", "Air France Captain Dubois Let Down by 1-Pound Part, Pilots Say", "Crash: Air France A332 over Atlantic on 1 June 2009, aircraft impacted ocean", "Crash: Air France A332 over Atlantic on 1 June 2009, aircraft lost", "Air France Flight 447: A detailed meteorological analysis", "Air France Flight #447: did weather play a role in the accident? sig cross barrel swap, nah2po4 and na2hpo4 buffer equation,
Abdominal Pain But Nothing Shows On Ct Scan, Big 10 Football Officials Roster 2021, Senior Operations Specialist Job Description, Articles A